The classic magic square math puzzle is the perfect fit for this week's Camp Mathematics theme: computing. After all, my eldest son can't resist a good math challenge and my youngest can't resist whatever his big brother is doing.
Although there are numerous (pun!) variations of magic squares, we kept it simple with a 3x3 square, perfect for beginners who want to try a fun math perplexor, but don't want to get frustrated. For more magic square fun, see the extension ideas, below.
What is a magic square?
Magic squares are grids in which distinct numbers (i.e. no repeats) are arranged so that the sum of the numbers in each row and each column is always the same.
You can, of course, whip up your own magic square template with a few strokes of a pencil, but I've also made a snazzy magic square printable you can print out for free. Fill out the form below and the printable will magically (ha!) make its way to your inbox.
Solve a 3x3 Magic Square Math Puzzle
Instructions: Using the numbers 1-9, write numbers in the squares so that the sum of any three numbers in a horizontal, vertical or diagonal row equals 15. You may only use each number once.
TIP: For younger kids, or kids who might need extra help, start out by placing a five in the center square.
Notes from Our Experience:
My 10-year-old got stuck at first, but what helped him out was using counters instead of numerals. This way he didn't have to keep erasing numbers when he realized he had made a mistake.
I worked on the puzzle with my 6-year-old. It was excellent math practice for him. I made it a bit easier for him and we started out with one complete row (1, 5, 9). I asked questions like, "Does 2+3 plus any of those numbers equal 15?" When he responded, "No," then I pointed out that 2 and 3 could not be in a row or column together. Then we worked through the remaining pairs of numbers along those lines until logic could tell us at least one square.
Variations:
Make the magic square slightly more challenging by not telling your kids that the sum of each row/column will be 15. Instead just say that the sum of each must be equal and let them figure out what that sum has to be.
Try a 4x4 magic square, known as Dürer's Magic Square in which the sum of each row/column is 34.
If you have a super math nerd, have them learn more about the workings of magic squares (fair warning: it's complicated for lay people like me).
Magic Square History:
The earliest known records of magic squares are in China and the Islamic world. The Chinese 3x3 magic square is called Lo Shu (or "river map"). According to a legend, the emperor and his court were sailing down the River Lo when a turtle appeared. The design on the turtle's back was the numbers (represented by circles) in the magic square.
This week's camp theme is computing. Solving magic squares not only requires logic and patience, kids practice their basic addition skills, adding 3 or more numbers. Head over to Coffee Cups and Crayons, our fellow math camp counselor for an awesome and easy hands on math game.
asha says
Hi Erica,
Would like to thank you for all the wonderful games you have on your site. I have an inquistive 7 year old boy and a 9 year old girl and the games are just right to keep them away from the screen for hours.
Absolutely lovely. Thank you.
Asha
Erica says
So glad you love the games! Happy playing.